New version of the Roadmap of Web Applications on Mobile

W3C has published a new version of its Roadmap of Web Applications on Mobile, an overview of the various technologies developed in W3C that increase the capabilities of Web applications, and how they apply more specifically to the mobile context.

The November 2019 snapshot refreshes the list of technologies under incubation in Community Groups or on the standardization track in Working Groups. See the Change history since April 2019 for details. New standardization proposals have notably emerged, including:

• WebTransport, an API similar to WebSocket but closer to UDP and based on QUIC, described in Network and Communications;
• WebCodecs to expose media encoders/decoders to web applications, described in Media;
• WebGPU, described in Graphics and Layout, which has made significant progress in the past few months;
• Input for workers and worklets, described in User Interaction;
• Various low-level specifications for Performance and Tuning, such as isInputPending, the <virtual-scroller> element, and Audio Device Client in Media.

Former proposals under incubation in Community Groups have moved to the standardization track since April 2019. For instance, media specifications such as Media Capabilities, Picture-in-Picture, and Media Session are now being standardized by the Media Working Group (see Media). Similarly, the CSS Animation Worklet API has been adopted by the CSS Working Group (see Performance and Tuning).

Still in the performance ballpark, WebAssembly has made quick progress on the standardization track and was moved to well-deployed technologies in Performance and Tuning.

On top of specifications, the November 2019 snapshot also reflects on implementation progress. For instance, Resize Observer shipped in Firefox and Safari (see Device Adaptation), Background Fetch shipped in Chrome (see Application Lifecycle) and the <datalist> element defined in HTML shipped on all main browsers (see Forms).

Sponsored by Beihang University, this project is part of a set of roadmaps under development in a GitHub repository to document existing standards, highlight ongoing standardization efforts, point out topics under incubation, and discuss technical gaps that may need to be addressed in the future. New versions will be published on a quarterly basis, or as needed depending on progress of key technologies of the Web platform. We encourage the community to review them and raise comments, or suggest new ones, in the repository’s issue tracker.

W3C Recommends WebAssembly to push the limits for speed, efficiency and responsiveness

5 December 2019

The WebAssembly Working Group has published today the three WebAssembly specifications as W3C Recommendations, marking the arrival of a new language for the Web which allows code to run in the browser.

• WebAssembly Core Specification defines a low-level virtual machine which closely mimicks the functionality of many microprocessors upon which it is run. Either through Just-In-Time compilation or interpretation, the WebAssembly engine can perform at nearly the speed of code compiled for a native platform. A .wasm resource is analogous to a Java .class file in that it contains static data and code segments which operate over that static data. Unlike Java, WebAssembly is typically produced as a compilation target from other programming languages like C/C++ and Rust.
• WebAssembly Web API defines a Promise-based interface for requesting and executing a .wasm resource. The structure of a .wasm resource is optimized to allow execution to begin before the entire resource has been retrieved, which further enhances responsiveness of WebAssembly applications.
• WebAssembly JavaScript Interface provides a JavaScript API for invoking and passing parameters to WebAssembly functions. In Web browsers, WebAssembly’s interactions with the host environment are all managed through JavaScript, which means that WebAssembly relies on JavaScript’s highly-engineered security model.

WebAssembly provides a safe, portable, low-level code format designed for efficient execution and compact representation. This technology enables the Web platform to perform more efficient execution of computationally-intensive algorithms, which in turn makes it practical to deliver whole new classes of user experience on the Web and elsewhere. Because WebAssenbly is a platform-independent execution environment, it can also be used on any other computer platform. Please, read our press release for additional information and acknowledgements.

W3C Invites Implementations of Publication Manifest and Audiobooks

5 December 2019

The Publishing Working Group has just published a Candidate Recommendation for two documents, namely:

• Publication Manifest – This specification defines a general manifest format for expressing information about a digital publication. It uses schema.org metadata augmented to include various structural properties about publications, serialized in JSON-LD, to enable interoperability between publishing formats while accommodating variances in the information that needs to be expressed.
• Audiobooks – This specification describes the requirements for the creation of audiobooks, using a profile of the Publication Manifest specification.

The Group has also published an accompanying Working Group Note of Lightweight Packaging Format (LPF). This specification defines a file format and processing model for packaging into a single-file container the set of related resources and associated metadata that comprise a digital publication.

Candidate Recommendation means that the Working Group considers the technical design to be complete, and is seeking implementation feedback on the documents. The group is keen to get comments and implementation experiences on these specifications as issues raised in the the documents’ respective GitHub repositories (see the document headers for the exact references).

The group expects to satisfy the implementation goals (i.e., at least two, independent implementations for each of the test cases) by 31 March 2020.

W3Cx Introduction to Web Accessibility – New Online Course

3 December 2019

On the International Day of Persons with Disabilities, W3C and the UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in Education (UNESCO IITE) launched a new W3Cx course: “Introduction to Web Accessibility“.

The course is designed for technical and non-technical audiences, including developers, designers, content authors, project managers, people with disabilities, and others. The course will start on 28 January 2020 and is self-paced.

Please, read our press release and blog post, and watch our short teaser video for more information about the course. Enroll now, and encourage others to, too.

Authorized Translation of WCAG 2.1 in Finnish

22 November 2019

Today the World Wide Web Consortium published the Authorized Finnish Translation of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1, Verkkosisällön saavutettavuusohjeet (WCAG) 2.1. The Lead Translation Organization for this Authorized Translation was the Kehitysvammaliitto ry.

Translations in other languages are listed in WCAG 2 Translations. W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) particularly encourages the development of Authorized Translations of WCAG 2.1 and other technical specifications to facilitate their adoption and implementation internationally. Read about the Policy for W3C Authorized Translations.

Verifiable Credentials Data Model 1.0 is a W3C Recommendation

19 November 2019

The Verifiable Claims Working Group has published Verifiable Credentials Data Model 1.0 as a W3C Recommendation. Credentials are a part of our daily lives; driver’s licenses are used to assert that we are capable of operating a motor vehicle, university degrees can be used to assert our level of education, and government-issued passports enable us to travel between countries. This specification provides a mechanism to express these sorts of credentials on the Web in a way that is cryptographically secure, privacy respecting, and machine-verifiable.

Call for Review: Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) – Version 2 is a W3C Proposed Recommendation

19 November 2019

The Dataset Exchange Working Group has published a Proposed Recommendation of Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) – Version 2. DCAT is an RDF vocabulary designed to facilitate interoperability between data catalogs published on the Web. This document defines the schema and provides examples for its use. DCAT enables a publisher to describe datasets and data services in a catalog using a standard model and vocabulary that facilitates the consumption and aggregation of metadata from multiple catalogs. This can increase the discoverability of datasets and data services. It also makes it possible to have a decentralized approach to publishing data catalogs and makes federated search for datasets across catalogs in multiple sites possible using the same query mechanism and structure. Aggregated DCAT metadata can serve as a manifest file as part of the digital preservation process.

Comments are welcome through 7 January 2020.

W3C Invites Implementations of Service Workers 1

19 November 2019

The Service Workers Working Group has published a Candidate Recommendation of Service Workers 1. This specification describes a method that enables applications to take advantage of persistent background processing, including hooks to enable bootstrapping of web applications while offline. The core of this system is an event-driven Web Worker, which responds to events dispatched from documents and other sources. A system for managing installation, versions, and upgrades is provided. The service worker is a generic entry point for event-driven background processing in the Web Platform that is extensible by other specifications.

Comments are welcome by 31 January 2020.

W3C Website redesign, phase 1 RFP

W3C is accepting proposals from outside vendors to redesign the existing W3C website. Our organization, which celebrated its 25th anniversary this year, produces open and royalty-free Web Standards and guidelines that make the Web work, for everyone.

We believe that by implementing current web best practices and technologies, revising the information architecture, creating a content strategy and revamping the visual design, we can provide our audiences with the best information in a more user-friendly fashion, motivate participation in the organization, and communicate the nature and impact of the W3C more effectively.

The current website was redesigned in 2008, moving to a responsive layout, a revised architecture and a custom CMS. Now over 10 years old, the website is showing its age and we have determined that it is not as effective in supporting the W3C’s mission and goals as it could be.

The purpose of our Website redesign RFP is to identify a fully qualified proposer. Interested parties are encouraged to take advantage of the open Questions and Answers period, and required to submit a written proposal to Coralie Mercier, Head of W3C Marketing & Communications who manages this project, no later than 13 December 2019 1700 UTC. We expect to award the project on January 10, 2020.

First Public Working Draft: Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) v1.0

The Decentralized Identifier Working Group has published a First Public Working Draft of Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) v1.0. Decentralized identifiers (DIDs) are a new type of identifier for verifiable, decentralized digital identity. These new identifiers are designed to enable the controller of a DID to prove control over it and to be implemented independently of any centralized registry, identity provider, or certificate authority. DIDs are URLs that relate a DID subject to means for trustable interactions with that subject by way of a DID document. DID documents are simple documents that describe how to use that specific DID. Each DID document may express cryptographic material, verification methods, and/or service endpoints. These provide a set of mechanisms which enable a DID controller to prove control of the DID. Service endpoints enable trusted interactions with the DID subject.

This document specifies a common data model, a URL format, and a set of operations for DIDs, DID documents, and DID methods.

Updated Candidate Recommendations for WoT Thing Description and WoT Architecture

6 November 2019

The Web of Things Working Group invites implementations of two updated Candidate Recommendations published today:

• Web of Things (WoT) Thing Description: This document describes a formal model and common representation for a Web of Things Thing Description. A Thing Description describes the metadata and interfaces of Things, where a Thing is an abstraction of a physical entity that provides interactions to and participates in the Web of Things.
• Web of Things (WoT) Architecture: This document describes the abstract architecture for the W3C Web of Things, which consists of three initial building blocks, i.e., (1) WoT Thing Description, (2) WoT Scripting API and (3) WoT Binding Templates.

Comments are requested by 4 December 2019.

First Public Working Drafts: WebXR Augmented Reality Module; WebXR Gamepads Module

The Immersive Web Working Group has published two First Public Working Drafts today. The WebXR Augmented Reality Module – Level 1 expands the WebXR Device API with the functionality available on AR hardware. The WebXR Gamepads Module – Level 1 describes support for accessing button, trigger, thumbstick, and touchpad data associated with virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) devices on the Web.

Updated Candidate Recommendation for CSS Images Module Level 3

The CSS Working Group invites implementations of an updated Candidate Recommendation of CSS Images Module Level 3. This module contains the features of CSS level 3 relating to the <image> type and some replaced elements. It includes and extends the functionality of CSS level 2 [CSS2]. The main extensions compared to CSS2.1 are the generalization of the <url> type to the <image> type, several additions to the <image> type, a generic sizing algorithm for images and other replaced content in CSS, definitions for interpolating several <image> types, and several properties controlling the interaction of replaced elements and CSS’s layout models.

CSS is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents (such as HTML and XML) on screen, on paper, etc. Comments are requested by 8 November 2019.

W3C Invites Implementations of Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) – Version 2

3 October 2019

The Dataset Exchange Working Group has published a Candidate Recommendation of Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) – Version 2.

DCAT is an RDF vocabulary designed to facilitate interoperability between data catalogs published on the Web. This document defines the schema and provides examples for its use. DCAT enables a publisher to describe datasets and data services in a catalog using a standard model and vocabulary that facilitates the consumption and aggregation of metadata from multiple catalogs. This can increase the discoverability of datasets and data services. It also makes it possible to have a decentralized approach to publishing data catalogs and makes federated search for datasets across catalogs in multiple sites possible using the same query mechanism and structure. Aggregated DCAT metadata can serve as a manifest file as part of the digital preservation process.

W3C Strategic Highlights, September 2019

26 September 2019

W3C released today its September 2019 edition of the W3C Strategic Highlights.

The report covers the massive and critical work that takes place at the Web Consortium toward the growth and strength of the Web, how W3C meets industry needs, and provides updates in key areas, as well as the latest around Web for all and outreach to the world.

We also invite you to read W3C CEO’s thoughts on TPAC2019 –our yearly event where W3C work groups meet face-to-face– held last week in Fukuoka, Japan.

Working Group Notes for Verifiable Credentials Implementation Guidelines 1.0 and Verifiable Credentials Use Cases

The Verifiable Claims Working Group has published a First Public Working Group Note of Verifiable Credentials Implementation Guidelines 1.0 along with an Updated Working Group Note of Verifiable Credentials Use Cases. The Implementation Guidelines document provides implementation guidance for the Verifiable Credentials Data Model 1.0 specification, while the Use Cases document provides use cases for the specification in order to make progress toward possible future standardization and interoperability of both low- and high-stakes claims with the goals of storing, transmitting, and receiving digitally verifiable proof of attributes such as qualifications and achievements.

First Public Working Draft: MiniApp Standardization White Paper

12 September 2019

The Chinese Web Interest Group has published a First Public Working Draft of MiniApp Standardization White Paper. This document introduces a new format for mobile application, named MiniApp, which is a very popular hybrid solution relies on Web technologies (especially CSS and Javascript) but also integrates with capabilities of Native Apps.

New Resource: Making Audio and Video Media Accessible

11 September 2019

The WAI Education and Outreach Working Group (EOWG) has published Making Audio and Video Media Accessible. This resource helps you understand and create captions/subtitles, audio description of visual information, descriptive transcripts, and sign language for media. It includes guidance for creating new videos, and on media player accessibility. The planning and project management sections address considerations for outsourcing or in-house development. The resource starts by introducing user experiences and benefits to organizations — illustrating how accessibility is essential for some and useful for all.

Upcoming: W3C Workshop on Inclusive Design for Immersive Web Standards

29 August 2019

W3C announced today a Workshop on Inclusive Design for Immersive Web Standards, 5-6 November 2019, in Seattle, WA, USA. The event is hosted by PlutoVR.

The goals of the workshop are to:

• Share existing inclusive XR solutions that will help us create new standards for inclusive XR on the web.
• Identify accessibility gaps in existing web XR technologies, and consider solutions for closing those gaps.
• Explore ways to use existing technologies and standards to create innovative solutions for inclusive XR on the web.

Expected topics of discussion include:

• Standards that already exist or are in development that may impact inclusive XR on the web
• Solutions that are already being used to create inclusive XR on the web
• Lessons from other areas like location-based VR, gaming, and 360 video
• Accessibility limitations of existing web XR technologies
• Extensions to existing web XR technologies to enable more inclusive XR on the web
• Role of AI in providing real-time audio description or text captions
• Using existing APIs to provide alternative modes of interaction (like the Vibration API for tactile feedback, the Gamepad API for alternative input devices)

Attendance is free for all invited participants and is open to the public, whether or not W3C members. For more information on the workshop, please see the workshop details and submission instructions.

Expressions of interest and position statements are due by 5 October 2019.

First Public Working Draft: Publication Manifest

27 August 2019

The W3C Publishing Working Group has published a First Public Working Draft on Publication Manifest today. This specification defines a general manifest format for expressing information about a digital publication. It uses schema.org metadata augmented to include various structural properties about publications, serialized in JSON-LD, to enable interoperability between publishing formats while accommodating variances in the information that needs to be expressed.

This manifest format had originally been developed as part of larger work on Web Publications. As a result of some recent discussions, the publication schedule of the group has been modified and, while the Web Publication has been published as a Working Group Note, the Publication Manifest has become a stand-alone, recommendation track document. See a separate blog by Wendy Reid on the backgrounds of this decision.

W3C Workshop Report: Web Games

2 August 2019

W3C is pleased to announce a report from the W3C Workshop on Web Games held in late June 2019, in Redmond, WA, USA.

The workshop convened about 100 participants representing browser vendors, game engines developers, games developers, game distributors, and device manufacturers. Together, they discussed the future of Web technologies for games. The report collects highlights from the individual sessions, with links to the presentation slides, and presents next steps envisioned by workshop participants. Video recordings of the talks are available and linked from the workshop agenda.

Workshop participants singled out better support for threading for 3D rendering and advanced audio processing as a core need to run AAA content on the Web. They also discussed proposals to improve support for cloud gaming scenarios, including proposals to reduce I/O latency and improve communication in real-time between clients and servers. Technical updates that would benefit the Web games ecosystem as a whole were identified and the workshop proved very useful to run broader discussions on discoverability, monetization, hosted Web runtimes and accessibility. These discussions may warrant the creation of a games activity at W3C to coordinate inputs from the games community, pursue broader discussions, and track progress on needs identified during the workshop.

We thank Microsoft for hosting, Facebook Gaming for sponsoring, the Program Committee for organizing the event, and all participants for their contributions.

Updated Candidate Recommendation for Verifiable Credentials Data Model 1.0

The Verifiable Claims Working Group invites implementations of an updated Candidate Recommendation of Verifiable Credentials Data Model 1.0. Credentials are a part of our daily lives; driver’s licenses are used to assert that we are capable of operating a motor vehicle, university degrees can be used to assert our level of education, and government-issued passports enable us to travel between countries. This specification provides a mechanism to express these sorts of credentials on the Web in a way that is cryptographically secure, privacy respecting, and machine-verifiable.

First Public Working Draft: Timing Entry Names Registry

23 July 2019

The Web Performance Working Group has published a First Public Working Draft of Timing Entry Names Registry. This document provides a registry of PerformanceEntry.entryType used in Performance Timeline [PERFORMANCE-TIMELINE-2].

W3C Invites Implementations of Three WebAssembly Candidate Recommendations

18 July 2019

The WebAssembly Working Group invites implementations of three Candidate Recommendations published today:

• WebAssembly Core Specification describes version 1.0 of the core WebAssembly standard, a safe, portable, low-level code format designed for efficient execution and compact representation.
• WebAssembly JavaScript Interface provides an explicit JavaScript API for interacting with WebAssembly.
• WebAssembly Web API describes the integration of WebAssembly with the broader web platform.

W3C Invites Implementations of Media Capture and Streams

2 July 2019

The Web Real-Time Communication Working Group has published an updated Candidate Recommendation of Media Capture and Streams. This document defines a set of JavaScript APIs that allow local media, including audio and video, to be requested from a platform.

First Public Working Draft: Fetch Metadata Request Headers

27 June 2019

The Web Application Security Working Group has published a First Public Working Draft of Fetch Metadata Request Headers. This document defines a set of Fetch metadata request headers that aim to provide servers with enough information to make a priori decisions about whether or not to service a request based on the way it was made, and the context in which it will be used.

Updated: Inaccessibility of CAPTCHA, alternatives to Visual Turing Tests on the Web

27 June 2019

The Accessible Platform Architectures (APA) Working Group, with support from the Research Questions Task Force, has published an updated Working Draft of Inaccessibility of CAPTCHA, alternatives to Visual Turing Tests on the Web. This update includes changes that address the substantial comments received since the May 2019 version, which have helped us improve our analysis of the state of the art in telling human users apart from their robotic impersonators. Comments are requested by 26 July 2019. Please, read more in a dedicated blog post by Janina Sajka, Chair Accessible Platform Architectures (APA) Working Group, and learn more about the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI).

First Public Working Draft: CSS Animation Worklet API

25 June 2019

The CSS Working Group has published a First Public Working Draft of CSS Animation Worklet API. The Animation Worklet API provides a method to create scripted animations that control a set of animation effects. The API is designed to make it possible for user agents to run such animations in their own dedicated thread to provide a degree of performance isolation from main thread.

First Public Working Draft: Audiobook Profile for Web Publications

20 June 2019

The Publishing Working Group has published a First Public Working Draft of Audiobook Profile for Web Publications. This profile, derived from the structure laid out in the Web Publications specification, has been developed to address a major gap in the publishing ecosystem. Unlike the ebooks industry which predominantly uses the EPUB standard, Audiobooks never developed a common specification. This has created a distribution model where content creators create many different files for their distributors or retailers, leaving users behind.

Our profile is focused on bringing a common, single manifest format to the industry. The manifest centers on providing a simple way for content creators to include identifying metadata, a reading order, and additional resources. Identifying metadata includes information like title, author, narrator, identifier, and duration. The reading order is designed to provide user agents with a single source of truth on the presentation order of the audio files, should no other user input occur. The resources section of the manifest is reserved for any additional files that are important to the content but are not part of the reading order. This can include a cover image, supplemental content like images or data, the table of contents, and synchronized media files. We hope that this specification will bring common ground to the industry, as well as pave the way for a standard way of including supplemental content, tables of contents, and accessibility in the format. We look forward to the publication of the first draft, and any feedback it will bring. Please offer your input on GitHub

First Public Working Draft: CSS Overscroll Behavior Module Level 1

6 June 2019

The CSS Working Group has published a First Public Working Draft of CSS Overscroll Behavior Module Level 1. This module defines overscroll-behavior to control the behavior when the scroll position of a scroll container reaches the edge of the scrollport. This allows content authors to hint that the boundary default actions, such as scroll chaining and overscroll, should not be triggered.

CSS is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents (such as HTML and XML) on screen, on paper, etc.

W3C Invites Implementations of CSS Values and Units Module Level 3

6 June 2019

The CSS Working Group has published an updated Candidate Recommendation of CSS Values and Units Module Level 3. This CSS module describes the common values and units that CSS properties accept and the syntax used for describing them in CSS property definitions.

CSS is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents (such as HTML and XML) on screen, on paper, etc.

W3C Advisory Committee Elects Advisory Board

4 June 2019

The W3C Advisory Committee has filled seven open seats on the W3C Advisory Board, including two new seats created by the 1 March 2019 W3C Process Document. Beginning 1 July 2019, the following new elected participants, Elika J Etemad (W3C Invited Expert), Charles McCathie Nevile (ConsenSys), Avneesh Singh (DAISY Consortium), Eric Siow (Intel), Léonie Watson (TetraLogical), Chris Wilson (Google) and Judy (Hongru) Zhu (Alibaba), will join continuing participants Jay (Junichi) Kishigami (NTT), Florian Rivoal (W3C Invited Expert), Tzviya Siegman (Wiley) and David Singer (Apple). Many thanks to Michael Champion (Microsoft) and Natasha Rooney (W3C Invited Expert), whose terms end this month.

Created in March 1998, the Advisory Board provides ongoing guidance to the W3C Team on issues of strategy, management, legal matters, process, and conflict resolution. The Advisory Board also serves the W3C Members by tracking issues raised between Advisory Committee meetings, soliciting Member comments on such issues, and proposing actions to resolve these issues. The Advisory Board manages the evolution of the Process Document. For several years, the AB has conducted its work in a public wiki.

The elected Members of the Advisory Board participate as individual contributors and not representatives of their organizations. Advisory Board participants use their best judgment to find the best solutions for the Web, not just for any particular network, technology, vendor, or user. Read more about the Advisory Board.

First Public Working Draft: Web Authentication: An API for accessing Public Key Credentials Level 2

4 June 2019

The Web Authentication Working Group has published a First Public Working Draft of Web Authentication: An API for accessing Public Key Credentials Level 2. This specification defines an API enabling the creation and use of strong, attested, scoped, public key-based credentials by web applications, for the purpose of strongly authenticating users. Conceptually, one or more public key credentials, each scoped to a given WebAuthn Relying Party, are created by and bound to authenticators as requested by the web application. The user agent mediates access to authenticators and their public key credentials in order to preserve user privacy. Authenticators are responsible for ensuring that no operation is performed without user consent. Authenticators provide cryptographic proof of their properties to Relying Parties via attestation. This specification also describes the functional model for WebAuthn conformant authenticators, including their signature and attestation functionality.

W3C Invites Implementations of CSS Easing Functions Level 1

The CSS Working Group invites implementations of CSS Easing Functions Level 1 Candidate Recommendation. This CSS module describes a way for authors to define a transformation that controls the rate of change of some value. Applied to animations, such transformations can be used to produce animations that mimic physical phenomena such as momentum or to cause the animation to move in discrete steps producing robot-like movement.

CSS is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents (such as HTML and XML) on screen, on paper, etc.

W3C Invites Implementations of CSS Containment Module Level 1

The CSS Working Group has published an updated Candidate Recommendation of CSS Containment Module Level 1. This CSS module describes the ‘contain’ property, which indicates that the element’s subtree is independent of the rest of the page. This enables heavy optimizations by user agents when used well.

CSS is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents (such as HTML and XML) on screen, on paper, etc.

New version of the Roadmap of Web Applications on Mobile

24 April 2019

W3C has published a new version of its Roadmap of Web Applications on Mobile, an overview of the various technologies developed in W3C that increase the capabilities of Web applications, and how they apply more specifically to the mobile context.

The April 2019 snapshot introduces a few additional technologies under incubation in the Web Platform Incubator Community Group and refreshes the status of other specifications. See the Change history for details. New exploratory work since the December 2018 snapshot:

• Cookie Store API, described in Data Storage
• KV Storage, described in Data Storage
• JS Self-Profiling API, described in Performance and Tuning
• Trusted Types, described in Security and Privacy

A few specifications have also progressed along the standardization track, starting with Web Authentication published as a W3C Recommendation (see Security and Privacy), including Resize Observer (see Device Adaptation) and Feature Policy which have now been adopted by Working Groups (see Security and Privacy), as well as DeviceOrientation Event Specification whose development has now resumed in the Devices and Sensors Working Group (see Sensors and Local Interactions).

Browser support for some of the specifications mentioned in the roadmap has improved since publication of the latest version of the roadmap in December 2018. For instance, Streams shipped in Firefox desktop (see Network and Communications) and Subresource Integrity has now shipped on all main browsers (see Security and Privacy).

Sponsored by Beihang University, this project is part of a set of roadmaps under development in a GitHub repository to document existing standards, highlight ongoing standardization efforts, point out topics under incubation, and discuss technical gaps that may need to be addressed in the future. New versions will be published on a quarterly basis, or as needed depending on progress of key technologies of the Web platform. We encourage the community to review them and raise comments, or suggest new ones, in the repository’s issue tracker.