The CSS Working Group has published a First Public Working Draft of CSS Gap Decorations Module Level 1. This module introduces several properties to add row and column gap decorations to container layout types such as grid and flex. CSS Gap Decorations: A New Frontier in Layout Styling The CSS Working Group has just published the First Public Working Draft of an exciting new specification: CSS Gap Decorations Module Level 1 . This draft introduces a set of properties aimed at bringing visual styling directly to the gaps between elements in layout containers like Grid and Flexbox. What Are Gap Decorations? Up until now, web developers have relied on creative workarounds—like borders, pseudo-elements, and nested wrappers—to simulate visual effects between rows and columns in layout structures. With this new module, that may soon be a thing of the past. The CSS Gap Decorations Module proposes dedicated styling capabilities for the row and column gaps within a container. Think of it as...

The   CSS Working Group   published the   CSS Snapshot 2024   as a Group Note. This document collects together into one definition all the specifications that together form the current state of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) as of 2024. The primary audience is CSS implementers, not CSS authors, as this definition includes modules by specification stability, not Web browser adoption rate.  When the first CSS specification was published, all of CSS was contained in one document that defined CSS Level 1. CSS Level 2 was defined also by a single, multi-chapter document. However for CSS beyond Level 2, the CSS Working Group chose to adopt a modular approach, where each module defines a part of CSS, rather than to define a single monolithic specification. This breaks the specification into more manageable chunks and allows more immediate, incremental improvement to CSS.  Since different CSS modules are at different levels of stability, the CSS Working Group has cho...

  The   CSS Working Group   has published a First Public Working Draft of   CSS Values and Units Module Level 5 . This CSS module describes the common values and units that CSS properties accept and the syntax used for describing them in CSS property definitions. Introduction: Mastering Digital Growth in 2025—From SEO to Social Media and AI In 2025, digital success isn’t just about having an online presence—it’s about strategically connecting the dots between SEO, web design, content creation, and social media. For small businesses and marketers alike, staying ahead means embracing the latest tools and trends that shape how we rank, engage, and grow online. Whether you're aiming to  win local search  with cutting-edge  SEO for Small Business in 2025: How to Win Local Search and Drive Growth , boost website performance through  HTML validation , or understand the impact of  bad backlinks on rankings , every element of your digital strategy mus...

  The   CSS Working Group   has published a First Public Working Draft of   CSS Scroll Snap Module Level 2 . This module contains features to control panning and scrolling behavior with “snap positions”. CSS  is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents (such as HTML and XML) on screen, on paper, etc.

  The   CSS Working Group   has published   CSS Containment Module Level 1   as an updated W3C Recommendation, incorporating the   changes since the 2022 Recommendation . This CSS module describes the   contain   property, which indicates that the element’s subtree is independent of the rest of the page. This enables heavy optimizations by user agents when used well.

  The   CSS Working Group   has published a First Public Working Draft of   CSS View Transitions Module Level 2 . This module defines how the View Transition API works with cross-document navigations.

  The   CSS Working Group   invites implementations of an updated Candidate Recommendation Snapshot of   CSS Display Module Level 3 . This module describes how the CSS formatting box tree is generated from the document element tree and defines the   display   property that controls it. Comments are welcome via the  GitHub issues  by  30 May 2023 .

  W3C plans to stop providing the  on-line unified validator service Unicorn  as of 31 March 2023, due to lack of resources to maintain the project. We encourage interested people in the community to  fork Unicorn . We have many other  developer tools  such as the markup and CSS validators, and checkers like the Internationalization checker, link and feed checkers. W3C’s unified validator Unicorn helped improve the quality of Web pages by performing a variety of different checks, by gathering the results of the popular HTML and CSS validators as well as the Feed validator. Unicorn, which got its name from “unified” and “Conformance Observation Report Notation”,  started  in April 2006 and was  publicly introduced  in July 2006. It took another four years before the  public release of Unicorn, All-in-One Validator  in July 2010.

The  CSS Working Group  has published four First Public Working Drafts today: CSS Color Module Level 5  extends CSS Color [ css-color-4 ] to add color modification functions. Media Queries Level 5  allows authors to test and query values or features of the user agent or display device, independent of the document being rendered. They are used in the CSS @media rule to conditionally apply styles to a document, and in various other contexts and languages, such as HTML and JavaScript. CSS Transforms Module Level 2  allows elements styled with CSS to be transformed in two-dimensional or three-dimensional space. This spec adds new tranform functions and properties for three-dimensional transforms, and convenience functions for simple transforms. CSS Conditional Rules Module Level 4  contains the features of CSS for conditional processing of parts of style sheets, conditioned on capabilities of the processor or the document the style sheet is being applie...

The  CSS Working Group  invites implementations of an updated Candidate Recommendation of  CSS Images Module Level 3 . This module contains the features of CSS level 3 relating to the  <image>  type and some replaced elements. It includes and extends the functionality of CSS level 2  [CSS2] . The main extensions compared to CSS2.1 are the generalization of the  <url>  type to the <image> type, several additions to the <image> type, a generic sizing algorithm for images and other replaced content in CSS, definitions for interpolating several <image> types, and several properties controlling the interaction of replaced elements and CSS’s layout models. CSS  is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents (such as HTML and XML) on screen, on paper, etc. Comments are requested by  8 November 2019 .

12 September 2019 The  Chinese Web Interest Group  has published a First Public Working Draft of  MiniApp Standardization White Paper . This document introduces a new format for mobile application, named MiniApp, which is a very popular hybrid solution relies on Web technologies (especially CSS and Javascript) but also integrates with capabilities of Native Apps.

6 June 2019 The  CSS Working Group  has published a First Public Working Draft of  CSS Overscroll Behavior Module Level 1 . This module defines  overscroll-behavior  to control the behavior when the scroll position of a scroll container reaches the edge of the scrollport. This allows content authors to hint that the boundary default actions, such as scroll chaining and overscroll, should not be triggered. CSS  is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents (such as HTML and XML) on screen, on paper, etc.

The  CSS Working Group  invites implementations of  CSS Easing Functions Level 1  Candidate Recommendation. This CSS module describes a way for authors to define a transformation that controls the rate of change of some value. Applied to animations, such transformations can be used to produce animations that mimic physical phenomena such as momentum or to cause the animation to move in discrete steps producing robot-like movement. CSS  is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents (such as HTML and XML) on screen, on paper, etc.

The  CSS Working Group  has published an updated Candidate Recommendation of  CSS Containment Module Level 1 . This CSS module describes the  ‘contain’  property, which indicates that the element’s subtree is independent of the rest of the page. This enables heavy optimizations by user agents when used well. CSS  is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents (such as HTML and XML) on screen, on paper, etc.

4 December 2018 The CSS Working Group invites implementations of two updated Candidate Recommendations: Geometry Interfaces Module Level 1  provides basic geometric interfaces to represent points, rectangles, quadrilaterals and transformation matrices that can be used by other modules or specifications. CSS Fragmentation Module Level 3  describes the fragmentation model that partitions a flow into pages, columns, or regions. It builds on the Page model module and introduces and defines the fragmentation model. It adds functionality for pagination, breaking variable fragment size and orientation, widows and orphans. CSS is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents (such as HTML and XML) on screen, on paper, in speech, etc.

W3C has published a new version of its  Roadmap of Web Applications on Mobile , an overview of the various technologies developed in W3C that increase the capabilities of Web applications, and how they apply more specifically to the mobile context. The contents of the roadmap have been updated to follow the evolution of the Web platform since April 2018. See the  Change history  for details. Most of these updates focused on mechanisms that allow mobile web applications to tweak performance settings and gain finer-grained control over the browser’s default behavior. In particular, new exploratory work and technologies in progress mentioned in the  Performance and Tuning page include: the CSS Animation Worklet API to create scripted animations in a dedicated thread, the CSS  contain  property to indicate that an element’s subtree is independent of the rest of the page, the proposed CSS  overscroll-behavior  property to control the behavior o...

26 June 2018 W3C announced today a  W3C Workshop on Digital Publication Layout and Presentation (from Manga to Magazines) , September 18-19 2018, in Tokyo, Japan. The event is hosted by the Advanced Publishing Laboratory, at the historic  Mita Campus of Keio University . The primary goal of the workshop is to bring together experts to evaluate the current status and explore future directions of visually-rich long-form digital publications based on Web Technologies (particularly CSS, the formatting language of the Web), encompassing both fixed and dynamic layouts. Expected topics of discussion include: Advanced layout using recent and upcoming CSS innovations, particularly for mobile and other devices (CSS grid, viewport units, media queries, css-shapes, etc.) “Smart transitions” for manga/comics including “Turbo Media” and other new forms Analysis of proprietary platforms in comics, magazines, and other verticals Comparison of image-dominated and text-dominated...

19 June 2018 The  CSS Working Group  has published  CSS Color Module Level 3  as a W3C Edited Recommendation. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents on screen, on paper, in speech, etc. It uses color-related properties and values to color the text, backgrounds, borders, and other parts of elements in a document. This specification describes color values and properties for foreground color and group opacity. These include properties and values from CSS level 2 and new values. This specification incorporates errata raised against the  previous W3C Recommendation for CSS Color 3 . This specification is fully implemented in all modern browsers.

26 April 2018 The  Browser Testing and Tools Working Group  has published a Proposed Recommendation of  WebDriver . WebDriver is a remote control interface that enables introspection and control of user agents. It provides a platform- and language-neutral wire protocol as a way for out-of-process programs to remotely instruct the behavior of web browsers. Provided is a set of interfaces to discover and manipulate DOM elements in web documents and to control the behavior of a user agent. It is primarily intended to allow web authors to write tests that automate a user agent from a separate controlling process, but may also be used in such a way as to allow in-browser scripts to control a — possibly separate — browser. Comments are welcome through  24 May 2018 .

6 February 2018 The  CSS Working Group  has published a First Public Working Draft of  CSS Grid Layout Module Level 2 . This CSS module defines a two-dimensional grid-based layout system, optimized for user interface design. In the grid layout model, the children of a grid container can be positioned into arbitrary slots in a predefined flexible or fixed-size layout grid. Level 2 expands Grid by adding “subgrid” capabilities for nested grids to participate in the sizing of their parent grids; and aspect-ratio–controlled gutters. CSS  is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents (such as HTML and XML) on screen, on paper, in speech, etc